Document file · Verified casualty record

The record of journalists killed in the Israel–Gaza war

Committee to Protect Journalists · United Nations human-rights experts

A source record on journalists and media workers killed during the Israel–Gaza war, including CPJ's case-verification method and UN experts' demand for investigation and accountability.

Document of record · CPJ casualty tracker

Living record · first published October 2023

Key extracts & findings

Method

Names are checked case by case

CPJ says it verifies each death through at least two credible sources, assesses whether the person was engaged in journalistic activity and continues revising cases as evidence changes.

Constraint

Independent access is restricted

International reporters and investigators have faced severe limits on access to Gaza. Strike sites, devices and witnesses are often unavailable, making conclusions about intent difficult in many individual cases.

Legal standard

Journalists are civilians

Journalists are protected as civilians under international humanitarian law unless and for such time as they directly participate in hostilities. Press markings do not create immunity from incidental harm, but deliberate attacks on civilians are prohibited.

Accountability

Independent investigations remain essential

Press-freedom groups and UN experts have called for prompt, independent investigation of journalist deaths. A casualty record by itself does not determine criminal intent in any particular strike.

Extracts are summarised from the document of record, which is linked above. Where a passage is disputed, this newsroom will publish the correction alongside the extract.